Transnational Repression in an Age of Upheaval: Global Policy Challenges for Canada

Policy Brief No. 228

March 2, 2026

Transnational repression is a growing global human rights problem with significant implications for the security and well-being of diaspora members in Canada. Powerful authoritarian states and new tools of surveillance are making transnational repression worse. The Canadian government’s ability to respond to transnational repression is challenged by three factors: Ottawa’s pursuit of warmer ties with autocracies; Ottawa’s uncritical embrace of artificial intelligence innovation; and the United States’ descent into authoritarian rule. To help protect those at risk of transnational repression, Ottawa can implement domestic and foreign policies that reflect a strong commitment to human rights.

About the Authors

Emile Dirks is a senior research associate at the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy at the University of Toronto, where he explores police surveillance, transnational repression and Chinese politics.

Shaila Baran is a Ph.D. candidate with a background in criminology, sociolegal studies and internet studies, and a researcher at the Citizen Lab, where she explores transnational repression, dis- and misinformation and social movements.

Emma Dickinson is a student in the master of global affairs program at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy and a researcher at the Citizen Lab.

Andre Fajardo is a graduate of the master of global affairs program at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy and a researcher at the Citizen Lab.